Timeline of the far future - Events that will most likely happen in the future according to scientific predictions

10,000 Years from now

The red supergiant star Antares will likely have exploded in a supernova. The explosion is expected to be easily visible in daylight.

100,000 Years from now

The proper motion of stars across the celestial sphere, which is the result of their movement through the Milky Way, renders many of the constellations unrecognizable.

100,000 Years from now

The hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris (one of the largest stars known) will likely have exploded in a hypernova.

500,000 Years from now

Earth will likely have been hit by an asteroid of roughly 1 km in diameter, assuming it cannot be averted.

1 million Years from now

Earth will likely have undergone a supervolcanic eruption large enough to erupt 3,200 km3 of magma, an event comparable to the Toba supereruption 75,000 years ago.

2 million Years from now

Estimated time required for coral reef ecosystems to physically rebuild and biologically recover from current human-caused ocean acidification.

100 million Years from now

Upper estimate for lifespan of the rings of Saturn in their current state.

230 million Years from now

Prediction of the orbits of the planets is impossible over greater time spans than this, due to the limitations of Lyapunov time.
(interesting read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov_time)

240 million Years from now

From its present position, the Solar System completes one full orbit of the Galactic center. It will last a "galactic" year.
Another interesting timeline using galactic years https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_year

250 million Years from now

All the continents on Earth may fuse into a supercontinent. Three potential arrangements of this configuration have been dubbed Amasia, Novopangaea, and Pangaea Ultima.

500–600 million Years from now

Estimated time until a gamma ray burst, or massive, hyperenergetic supernova, occurs within 6,500 light-years of Earth; close enough for its rays to affect Earth's ozone layer and potentially trigger a mass extinction.

600 million Years from now

Tidal acceleration moves the Moon far enough from Earth that total solar eclipses are no longer possible.

600 million Years from now

The Sun's increasing luminosity begins to disrupt the carbonate–silicate cycle; higher luminosity increases weathering of surface rocks, which traps carbon dioxide in the ground as carbonate. As water evaporates from the Earth's surface, rocks harden, causing plate tectonics to slow and eventually stop.
Without volcanoes to recycle carbon into the Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide levels begin to fall.

By this time, carbon dioxide levels will fall to the point at which C3 photosynthesis is no longer possible. All plants that utilize C3 photosynthesis (~99 percent of present-day species) will die.

1 billion Years from now

The Sun's luminosity has increased by 10 percent, causing Earth's surface temperatures to reach an average of ~320 K (47 °C, 116 °F). The atmosphere will become a "moist greenhouse", resulting in a runaway evaporation of the oceans. Pockets of water may still be present at the poles, allowing abodes for simple life.

1.3 billion Years from now
Eukaryotic life dies out due to carbon dioxide starvation. Only prokaryotes remain.

2.8 billion Years from now

Earth's surface temperature, even at the poles, reaches an average of ~422 K (149 °C; 300 °F). At this point, life, now reduced to unicellular colonies in isolated, scattered micro environments such as high-altitude lakes or subsurface caves, will completely die out.

3.5–4.5 billion Years from now

The amount of water vapour in the lower atmosphere increases to 40%. This, combined with the luminosity of the Sun reaching roughly 35–40% more than its present-day value, will result in Earth's atmosphere heating up and the surface temperature skyrocketing to roughly 1,600 K (1,330 °C; 2,420 °F), hot enough to melt surface rock. This essentially will make the planet much like how Venus is today.

4 billion Years from now

Andromeda Galaxy will have collided with the Milky Way, which will thereafter merge to form a galaxy dubbed "Milkomeda". The planets of the Solar System are expected to be relatively unaffected by this collision.

5 billion Years from now

With the hydrogen supply exhausted at its core, the Sun leaves the main sequence and begins to evolve into a red giant.

7.59 billion Years from now

The Earth and Moon are very likely destroyed by falling into the Sun, just before the Sun reaches the tip of its red giant phase and its maximum radius of 256 times the present day value. Before the final collision, the Moon possibly spirals below Earth's Roche limit, breaking into a ring of debris, most of which falls to the Earth's surface.

7.9 billion Years from now

The Sun reaches the tip of the red-giant branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, achieving its maximum radius of 256 times the present day value. In the process, Mercury, Venus, very likely Earth, and possibly Mars are destroyed.

During these times, it is possible that Saturn's moon Titan could achieve surface temperatures necessary to support life.

8 billion Years from now

The Sun becomes a carbon-oxygen white dwarf with about 54.05 percent its present mass. At this point, if somehow the Earth survives, temperatures on the surface of the planet, as well as other remaining planets in the Solar System, will begin to start dropping rapidly, due to the white dwarf Sun emitting much less energy than it does today.

450 billion Years from now

Median point by which the ~47 galaxies of the Local Group will coalesce into a single large galaxy.

1 trillion Years from now

Low estimate for the time until star formation ends in galaxies as galaxies are depleted of the gas clouds they need to form stars.

The universe's expansion, assuming a constant dark energy density, multiplies the wavelength of the cosmic microwave background by 10^29, exceeding the scale of the cosmic light horizon and rendering its evidence of the Big Bang undetectable.

110–120 trillion Years from now

Time by which all stars in the universe will have exhausted their fuel (the longest-lived stars, low-mass red dwarfs, have lifespans of roughly 10–20 trillion years). After this point, the stellar-mass objects remaining are stellar remnants (white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes). Brown dwarfs also remain.

Collisions between brown dwarfs will create new red dwarfs on a marginal level: on average, about 100 stars will be shining in what was once the Milky Way. Collisions between stellar remnants will create occasional supernovae.

10^30 Years from now

Estimated time until stars that has not been ejected from galaxies (1% – 10%) fall into their galaxie's central supermassive black holes. By this point, with binary stars having fallen into each other, and planets into their stars, via emission of gravitational radiation, only solitary objects (stellar remnants, brown dwarfs, ejected planets, black holes) will remain in the universe.

3×10^43 Years from now

Estimated time for all nucleons in the observable universe to decay, if the proton half-life takes the largest possible value, 10^41 years. By this time, the Black Hole Era, in which black holes are the only remaining celestial objects, begins.

1.7×10^106 Years from now

Estimated time until a supermassive black hole with a mass of 20 trillion solar masses decays by the Hawking process. This marks the end of the Black Hole Era. Beyond this time, if protons do decay, the Universe enters the Dark Era, in which all physical objects have decayed to subatomic particles, gradually winding down to their final energy state in the "Heat Death of the Universe".

10^200 Years from now - The Photon Age

After all the black holes have evaporated (and after all the ordinary matter made of protons has disintegrated, if protons are unstable), the universe will be nearly empty. Photons, neutrinos, electrons, and positrons will fly from place to place, hardly ever encountering each other. Gravitationally, the universe will be dominated by dark matter, electrons, and positrons.

10^(10^50) Years from now

Estimated time for a Boltzmann brain to appear in the vacuum via a spontaneous entropy decrease.

Beyond - 10^(10^(10^(56))) Years from now

Estimated time for random quantum fluctuations and quantum tunnelling to generate a new Big Bang.

Congratulations ! You've reached the end of the universe, or maybe the beginning ?