Brown Dwarf Pink Dwarf Evolution

Brown Dwarf Pink Dwarf Evolution
Oktay Yürük aka Oktay74tn, science and tech content
https://imgur.com/user/Oktay74tn

Brown dwarfs are substellar objects with a typical mass of 13 to 80 Jupiter masses. The pressure and temperature in their core are not sufficient for hydrogen-1 fusion. In a new scientific study, the properties of brown dwarfs that gain mass through binary interactions are predicted.

This is a plot of mass against Psi, the thermal energy per particle in units of the Fermi energy in the star’s core (degree of degeneracy, further left means more degenerate). The solid black curve represents the main sequence. The dashed horizontal line is the hydrogen burning limit (HBL). There are three evolutionary paths. The beige dwarfs (overmassive brown dwarfs) at the left have properties of white dwarfs and brown dwarfs. They can not reach the main sequence due to their degenerate frozen core. Electron degeneracy pressure prevents their core from reaching the temperature required for fusion. Pink dwarfs reach the main sequence from the left and maroon dwarfs from the right.

This is a mass versus psi plot from a computer model. The black, blue, and red lines represent isochrones, a population of stars of the same age but with different mass. The beige dwarfs are the yellow circles at the left. The maroon dwarfs are the pentagons at the right. Pink dwarfs with a frozen core are squares and those with a luminosity plateau are diamonds. Pink dwarfs that have neither are the pink stars. Beige and pink dwarfs are far enough away from the main sequence and could be observable.

This diagram shows the (simulated) luminosity over time of five examples from each group. The panels at the bottom are from a brown dwarf and a red dwarf with constant masses. The blue line represents the frozen core duration. Pink dwarfs can have a temporarily frozen core. They could have a lower luminosity than mass-equivalent stars for up to one billion years.

Pink and maroon dwarfs will evolve into red dwarfs, the most common group of stars (artist's image). Red dwarfs have a lower nuclear fusion rate than the Sun but a longer main sequence lifetime. The smallest red dwarfs have a main sequence lifespan of over 10 trillion years.

Pink Dwarfs and the Paths to Stardom: How Brown Dwarfs Pushed Above the Hydrogen Burning Limit Evolve
Jaime Luisi, John C. Forbes, Heather V. Rusk, Benjamin Gullick
https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.10908

Wikipedia articles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_dwarf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_isochrone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_degeneracy_pressure

Brown Dwarfs Series
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Webb Discovers Seven Brown Dwarfs
https://imgur.com/gallery/webb-discovers-seven-brown-dwarfs-5RCgVaN

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https://imgur.com/gallery/webb-observes-brown-dwarf-simp-0136-ZD2kS6a

CT Chamaeleontis b Exomoons in the Making
https://imgur.com/gallery/ct-chamaeleontis-b-exomoons-making-WXWW8VL

Webb Finds First Brown Dwarf Beyond the Milky Way
https://imgur.com/gallery/webb-finds-first-brown-dwarf-beyond-milky-way-Y8wtAgR

Webb Finds Smallest Brown Dwarfs in IC 348
https://imgur.com/gallery/webb-finds-smallest-brown-dwarfs-ic-348-G8Y3qzy

RIK 113 Birth of a Super-Jupiter
https://imgur.com/gallery/rik-113-birth-of-super-jupiter-eaIrpo1

Super-Jupiter in Nu Octantis System
https://imgur.com/gallery/super-jupiter-nu-octantis-system-a7xP3UC

2M1510 Polar Circumbinary Exoplanet Orbiting Brown Dwarfs
https://imgur.com/gallery/2m1510-polar-circumbinary-exoplanet-orbiting-brown-dwarfs-vA9yPo2

Check out https://imgur.com/user/Oktay74tn for many more astronomy and technology videos.